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高明辉^1，2，邢晓琳^1，2，苏继波^1，2，张世豪^1，2，郭  悦^1，2，郑  军^1，2

 

 

(1.河北省地质资源环境监测与保护重点实验室，石家庄 050021；2.河北省地质环境监测院，石家庄 050021)

摘要：针对软土边坡在降雨与开挖耦合作用下的失稳问题，通过模型试验模拟降雨-开挖耦合条件，并对边坡相应指标展开了监测，揭示其失稳机理。结果表明:坡顶水平变形呈三阶段增长，竖向变形受土体固结与应力释放影响，依次经历初始应力集中、固结效应减弱及开挖卸荷主导等过程；而坡脚的变形规律反映出开挖卸荷与土体流变的耦合作用机制；土体含水率随降雨历时增加由非饱和向饱和转变，沿深度方向呈现“先降后升”特征；而孔隙水压力场呈现坡顶最高，坡中次之，坡底因排水条件好而最低；其失稳机理为开挖、降雨下渗冲刷等构成失稳物质基础，多级开挖与降雨致应力集中使土体强度衰减，呈现坡顶变形、坡脚隆起与孔隙水压梯度扩展的耦合破坏特征。研究成果为软土边坡稳定性评估优化及防控策略制定提供了关键理论支撑。

关键词：软土边坡；降雨-开挖耦合；响应指标；失稳机理

 中图分类号：TU391.3

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1005-8249（2025）06-0054-06

DOI：10.19860/j.cnki.issn1005-8249.2025-06-010

 

 

 

 

GAO Minghui^1,2,XING Xiaolin^1,2,SU Jibo^1,2,ZHANG Shihao^1,2,GUO Yue^1,2,ZHENG Jun^1,2

 

 

(1.Hebei Key Laboratory of Geological Resources and Environment Monitoring and Protection,Shijiazhuang 050021,China；2.Hebei Geo-Environment Monitoring,Shijiazhuang 050021,China)

 

Abstract：In response to the instability problem of soft soil slopes under the coupling effect of rainfall and excavation,model experiments were conducted to simulate the rainfall excavation coupling conditions,and corresponding indicators of the slope were monitored to reveal its instability mechanism.The results show that the horizontal deformation at the top of the slope increases in three stages,while the vertical deformation is affected by soil consolidation and stress release,and undergoes processes such as initial stress concentration,weakening of consolidation effect,and dominant excavation unloading;The deformation law at the foot of the slope reflects the coupling mechanism between excavation unloading and soil rheology;The soil moisture content changes from unsaturated to saturated with the increase of rainfall duration,showing a characteristic of "first decreasing and then increasing" along the depth direction;The pore water pressure field shows the highest at the top of the slope,followed by the middle of the slope,and the lowest at the bottom of the slope due to good drainage conditions;The instability mechanism is based on excavation,rainfall infiltration and erosion,which form the unstable material foundation.Multi level excavation and rainfall induced stress concentration weaken the soil strength,presenting a coupled failure characteristic of slope top deformation,slope foot uplift and pore water pressure gradient expansion.The research results provide key theoretical support for the optimization of soft soil slope stability assessment and the formulation of prevention and control strategies.

 

Key words：soft soil slope;rainfall-excavation coupling;response index;destabilization mechanism

作者简介：高明辉（1981—），男，本科，教授级高级工程师，研究方向:地质灾害防控。

通信作者：郑  军（1990—），男，本科，高级工程师，研究方向:地质灾害防控。

收稿日期：2024-12-17